Garson relation of metal provinces in western america to subduction of oceanic lithosphere r. The radiometric survey its important to discover the alteration k u t. Field based vectors used to explore for porphyry cuau deposits. Porphyry copper molybdenumgold deposits and prospects of the baimka trend are spatially related to monzonitic rocks of the early cretaceous egdygkych complex. Also evaluating the importance of regionalscale structures, sillitoe 1993. Triggers for the formation of porphyry ore deposits in magmatic arcs. A location far from the trench edge appears positively correlated with increased porphyry magmatism. Geology of the josemaria porphyry coppergold deposit, argentina. Preliminary model of porphyry copper deposits usgs.
Ali javad porphyry intrusion has shoshonitic nature and shows characteristics of volcanic arc granitoids that it is have been emplaced in a postcollision tectonic setting. Spatial and temporal transitions within porphyry copper sys. Highsulphidation epithermal deposits may be sought within lithocaps, whereas lowsulphidation deposits may exist on their edges. This may result in destruction by erosion of existing epithermal au. The sombrero butte breccia pipe system is located at the southern end of the copper creek bunker hill mining district in the laramide porphyry copper province of southwestern north america titley, 1982. Consequently, this descriptive model uses a working definition of a porphyry copper deposit.
Why no porphyry copper deposits in japan and south korea. At summitville, no free gold was observed in ore samples containing a wholerock au. Why large porphyry cu deposits like high sry magmas. Porphyry cu systems are initiated by injection of oxidized magma saturated with s and metalrich, aqueous fluids from cupolas on. Read the jebel ohier deposita newly discovered porphyry copper gold system in the neoproterozoic arabiannubian shield, red sea hills, ne sudan, mineralium deposita on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at. Despite showing favorable geology, there are no known porphyry. Porphyry type mineralization developed in ali javad quartz monzonitic porphyry stock and eocene pyroclastic and volcanic country rocks. Porphyry copper molybdenum and copper gold deposits are centred on shallowlevel porphyry intrusions. The systems commonly define linear belts, some many. Largescale sodiccalcic alteration around porphyry copper systems. Porphyry gold systems are not a very common type of gold deposit.
Pdf porphyry copper systems introduction miguel peral. Society of economic geologists this article is available from multiple sources. Vidal, editors first edition, 2004 printed by automated graphic systems, inc. The present distribution of the spatially and temporally related plutonicvolcanic rocks of the coxheath belt. Mineralogical, fluid inclusion, and geochemical studies of precious metal mineralization within the baimka trend in the western chukchi peninsula have been preformed. Porphyry cu systems host some of the most widely distributed mineralization types at convergent plate boundaries, including porphyry deposits centered on intrusions. Porphyry copper systems 39 0361 012898000000 00 600 39 2000 gold rich porphyry from geology 1 at university of texas. Porphyry copper and gold deposits are the dominant natural suppliers of these metals to our society, yet the large variations in metal endowments of porphyry cuau deposits remain obscure. Request permission export citation add to favorites track citation. Please click on the service to which you have a subscription to obtain access.
The behavior of fe and s isotopes in porphyry copper. Some metallogenic features of gold and copper deposits. Porphyry copper systems are mainly developed at convergent plate margins, including continental margin and islandarc settings sillitoe, 2010, where the subduction of oceanic crust is related to. Porphyry and epithermal systems geological processes. Testing the plagioclase discriminator on the georoc. In later stages, circulating meteoric fluids may interact with the magmatic. Request pdf porphyry copper systems porphyry cu systems host some. Nonetheless, we would like to emphasize that not all porphyry systems have an apparent association with high sry magmas and that alternative interpretations, differing more or less significantly from our, have been proposed for the association of porphyry type deposits with high sry magmas 3,7,9,10,21. See sillitoe, 2010, porphyry systems economicgeology. Largescale sodiccalcic alteration around porphyry copper. The alteration and mineralization in porphyry cu systems, occupying many cubic kilometers of. Porphyry copper deposits result from the complex interactions and feedbacks of many processes.
Thus, this paper explores the possibility that these spatially associated pyrophyllite occurrences are in fact the highlevel manifestation of a genetically linked porphyry system at depth. Porphyry copper gold, skarn copper gold, sedimenthosted carlinstyle gold, breccia pipe, lowsulphidation epithermal gold, plutonrelated mesothermal or orogenic gold vein and volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits associated with alkaline rocks are commonly broadly similar to those hosted by their calcalkaline counterparts. Highgrade copper identified at rasuhuilca project, peru. They found gold in quartz veins, attached to sulfide grains, and as free gold. Copper flat is a laramide hydrothermal system located in the mexican highlands section of the basin and range physiographic province. Deposits assigned to this group include a few porphyries in the chilean maricunga belt. As described by noted porphyry expert richard sillitoe in his synopsis paper titled porphyry copper systems 20103.
Porphyry and epithermal systems sciencedriven exploration successes 1 porphyry and epithermal systems sciencedriven exploration successes. What the best geophysical survey method for exploring and discovering a porphyry copper deposit. Josemaria is a porphyry coppergold deposit located 4,400 to 4,800 m above sea level in the. In contrast, most phreatomagmatic breccias, constituting maardiatreme systems, are poorly mineralized at both the porphyry cu and lithocap levels, mainly because many of them formed late in the evolution of systems. Generalized porphyry copper model anatomy and alteration zoning anatomy of calcalkalic porphyry copper and related mineralization alteration zonation patterns in calcalkalic porphyry systems modified from. Ag deposits and exposure of underlying porphyry systems, thereby underrepresenting porphyry copper deposits associated with young and flat slabs. Table of contents pdf society of economic geologists.
Epithermal gold and silver deposits are typically hosted by volcanic rocks. The copper flat mineralization is predominantly hosted by a breccia pipe that occurs within the copper flat quartz monzonite porphyry. The formation of porphyry copper deposits institute of geochemistry. Ip survey can used for the sulfide mapping not for porphyry copper.
Notwithstanding the assertion that cartoons of this sort including fig. Anatomy of porphyryrelated mineralised aucuagmo systems. Gold endowments of porphyry deposits controlled by. Generalized models of porphyry copper deposits anatomy. Porphyry aucumo although porphyry aucumo deposits display considerable variation, some broad generalisations are possible.
Lesage, mineral deposit research unit, the university of british columbia, vancouver, bc. Goldsilver mineralization in porphyryepithermal systems. Porphyry copper deposit model, chapter b of mineral deposit. Supergene enrichment how natural processes have transformed lowgrade copper mineralization into economic ores by david f. Mineral deposits, continental drift, and plate tectonics. General setting of porphyry copper and associated deposit types modified from sillitoe and bonham, 1990. Read the late paleozoic porphyryepithermal spectrum of the birgildatomino ore cluster in the south urals, russia, journal of asian earth sciences on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Examples from the highland valley copper district, guichon batholith, southcentral british columbia k.
Duration of magmatichydrothermal systems that form porphyry copper deposits. Examples from chile, argentina, and elsewhere are used to aid in the substantiation of the model. Porphyry copper deposits are copper orebodies that are formed from hydrothermal fluids that originate from a voluminous magma chamber several kilometers below the deposit itself. Porphyry copper deposits pcds, the worlds primary source of cu, mo, and au, are formed by transport and precipitation of metals from hightemperature fluids sillitoe, 2010. In general, the fluids are exsolved from an underlying magma chamber at depth of 515 km hedenquist and lowenstern, 1994, richards, 2011, richards, 20. Owing to the complexity, a succinct definition that includes the essential attributes of this deposit class is elusive. Suprasubduction zone setting for the formation of porphyry ore deposits. Sillitoe 27 west hill park, highgate village, london n6 6nd, england abstract porphyry cu systems host some of the most widely distributed mineralization types at convergent plate boundaries, including porphyry deposits centered on intrusions. Pdf porphyry copper systems daniela olivares sedan. Predating or associated with those fluids are vertical dikes of porphyritic intrusive rocks from which this deposit type derives its name.
Tectonic environments of south american porphyry copper. Committee for coordination of joint prospecting for mineral resources in asian offshore areas ccop, ccop technical publication 14, 89 p. A porphyry deposit is a semiclosed system that usually formed at depths of. Triggers for the formation of porphyry ore deposits in. Geology and genesis of major copper deposits and districts of the world. Porphyry and epithermal systems sciencedriven exploration.
They constitute exploration objectives for epithermal and porphyry type deposits. Lithocaps are potentially voluminous zones of advanced argillic and associated argillic alteration located above the subvolcanic intrusive environment. Porphyry and epithermal systems sciencedriven exploration successes richard sillitoe porphyry and epithermal deposits. Agenda localisation of porphyry cuau deposits pcd factors that contribute to the high cuau grades in porphyry deposits and metal zonations stage model for the evolution of porphyry cuau deposits incorporating time. Plate tectonic model for origin of porphyry copper deposits r. In order to preserve mesozoic, paleozoic, and older porphyry copper systems, burial. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Characteristics and controls of the largest porphyry. If you dont have a subscription, clicking will allow you to obtain payperview access. The jebel ohier deposita newly discovered porphyry copper. See sillitoe, 2010, porphyry systems economicgeology, the best overview of porphyry deposits also his 2005 paper in the economic geology 100 th anniversary volume on supergenealtered porphyry. Figure 6 from porphyry copper systems semantic scholar. After doing an extensive literature survey at the best university library i find these exploration methods. The tops and bottoms of porphyry copper deposits r.
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